Why we need an active defence policy
—In an increasingly insecure and unstable world it is vital that we reflect on our defence policy as a matter of course.
The challenges we face are varied and unpredictable. A few short years ago it seemed to some that threats from the traditional military might of old were perhaps a thing of the past. But, while David Cameron was busy slashing our armed forces, Vladimir Putin marched his troops westward into eastern Ukraine, resulting in a death toll which stands at 6,400.
Traditional security threats have not disappeared – of that we should be clear.
But what is more disconcerting is that they now exist alongside myriad new, non-traditional threats.
Islamic State militants in the Middle East have now taken hold in strategic cities in Libya, Syria and Iraq. In their path they leave not only death, but a destruction of heritage and culture that has shaped national identities and has helped to develop humankind.
There are increasing attacks on civilians by terrorists, cyber-attacks on states and companies, and a whole host of issues never before viewed as defence matters at the forefront of our political discourse: climate change, poverty, global migration, and economic instability.
We are standing at a crossroads and it is for that reason we must reconsider Britain’s place in the world, and implement a defence policy which cements our position as a leading global power and a fundamental force for good.
Looking ahead for the next five years there are a number of issues that we need to consider. Chief among them is the next strategic security and defence review which is set for this year.
The coalition government came under fire for its 2010 strategic defence and security review and the 2010 national security strategy, both governed by the overriding strategic objective of reducing the United Kingdom’s budget deficit, and not by the safety and security of its people.
We must use this year’s SDSR as an opportunity to deliver a cohesive policy platform for defence. It should focus on the challenging nature of new security threats, which will require other government departments, not just the Ministry of Defence, to view activities and events through a security prism.
It must also set out government plans for our armed forces. Cameron has been criticised for his review of the structure of the army, Army 2020, intended to cut back the number of full-time serving personnel and replace them with reserves. At the current sign-up rate we are in danger of failing to meet the 30,000 reserves target by 2018, leaving us with a gap in capabilities which could be fatal.
In order to deliver a more focused and internationalist approach to our defence policy, we must ensure that it is adequately resourced. The best way to do that is by committing to spending a minimum of two per cent of our GDP on defence.
Let’s be clear, Nato has not asked members to spend a minimum amount of money on defence for fun. It is an internationalist approach to keeping our community safe, one which we should adopt with alacrity.
The commitment is important not least because it would allow us to better equip our armed forces, but symbolically it delivers a powerful statement to both our allies and our enemies.
Our nuclear submarines are due to be replaced in 2028. Before that members of parliament will be asked to vote on whether or not we support the renewal of a minimum, credible independent nuclear capability delivered through a continuous at-sea deterrent. I will be voting in support of the replacement.
Labour has a settled policy on this issue, and we should not allow others to suggest that we do not. It is our party policy to support the renewal of our nuclear deterrent and I am pleased that all of the Labour leadership candidates (excluding Jeremy Corbyn) have restated their support for pressing ahead with renewal.
Our nuclear submarines are the last line of protection for our country. They prevent nuclear attacks on the basis that retaliation could be deadly for any aggressor. Its success as a weapon lies in the fact that it has never been used; its fundamental purpose is deterrence, and we are undoubtedly safer because of it.
But we must not only prioritise what occurs in our own nation, we must look outwards and seek to make the world a safer place by forging international ties and utilising global diplomacy.
The answer to defeating Islamic State does not lie in military might alone. We need a political strategy for that region which includes not only Nato, but also regional countries who are keen to see an end to destruction on their doorstep.
We need to integrate ourselves more, not less, in the international community.
That is why it is vital that we remain within the European Union. Our alliances with our European partners allow us to tackle problems such as climate change, poverty and global health crises in ways that we simply could not afford to do if we were going it alone.
And we need to understand that our defence prowess can be used in ways that are non-combative. We can, and should, use our defence expertise to support states as they build capacity to support their own citizens. Ungoverned spaces can become havens for terror and we should remember that we can be proactive in defence policy as well as reactive.
The world is changing, and we need to change with it.
Our defence policy must be shaped by the global environment in which it operates.
Traditional threats will always exist, and for those we must be prepared. But there are new dangers on the horizon and Britain must be able to adapt and respond accordingly in order to make our world a safer place.
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John Woodcock MP is chair of Progress
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I do agree that Labour needs to establish a coherent defence policy and the underinvestment in the armed forces should be rectified, but this should not be constructed on the basis of a role of global ambition that has led to mistakes of the last decade. Our defence policy and expenditure has been determined by the priorities within the US domineering ambitions and should cease. It should be a UK determined policy.
The statement that, ‘…our position as a leading global power and a fundamental force for good ‘ can be used to overstate what a small island nation should be doing as its share. It can be used to overstate understanding of what is constitutes ‘good’. Well intention poor intervention is hardly ‘good’. This error of ‘good’ was so amply misunderstood by the simplistic, sycophantic and naive view Mary Creagh in this outlet, i.e. talking of Iraqis, Syrians as if they were not composed of multi-conflicts (gangs), and applauding the bombing of Bashar al Assad, which would now have led to even more dominance of ISIS. A bit more of the humble and less of the bombing mentality would improve policy. How daft can that policy be? Which ‘gang’ amongst the Libyan opposition would the ‘established’ Labour policy wished we had bombed in Libya? How daft would such a policy have been? Are there not sufficient humanitarian problems trying to cross the Mediterranean as it is?
What would the ‘established’ Labour position have achieved had it really been as established as the authors hopes. That hope is that, ‘Labour has a settled policy on this issue, and we should not allow others to suggest that we do not’. I agree, and the proportion of people supporting Corbyn in the election should serve as a salutary lesson for the domineering claims of an established “Labour policy’. There can no longer be space for this continuing Blair hubris in Labour’s much needed changes for the future.
The author is right in that, ‘Nato has not asked members to spend a minimum amount of money on defence for fun’. The author is right – it has likely done out of a misplaced global dominance perspective cultivated in the US and slavishly followed by a current but diminishing Labour established position.
The author would be wise not to assume that there is quite any longer a consensus about the world policing role that he would wish for.
John Woodcock is right that Labour has a settled policy on nuclear weapons, but wrong about what it is. The National Policy Forum in July 2014 agreed the following:
“Labour has said that we are committed to a minimum, credible independent
nuclear deterrent, delivered through a continuous at-sea deterrent. It would
require a clear body of evidence for us to change this belief … [i.e. the
belief could be changed]
“Labour has said that the process and debate leading up
to the next strategic defence and security review in 2015 needs to be open,
inclusive and transparent, including examining all capabilities, including
nuclear. It must also examine the cost implications as well as the strategic
necessities …
“To this end, a Labour government will have a continuing
consultation, inviting submissions from all relevant stakeholders, including
Labour Party members and affiliates, on the UK’s future defence and national
security issues.”
Far from stating a permanent fixed position on Trident, the NPF agreed the start of a debate in which all options, including non-replacement of Trident, are on the table. That position was endorsed without dissent by the 2014 conference, and John Woodcock cannot unilaterally set it aside.
Ann Black
National Policy Forum / NEC
I am curious to know what Labour will do to comply with our international nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) obligations and to reach ‘Global Zero’.
Margaret Beckett done a great job during her term in office and starting the process of reducing the number of warheads. But how about now? Besides re-assessing what ‘minimum deterrence’ looks like and reviewing the number of warheads actually required, what other actions can be undertaken that are conducive to reducing the reliance on nuclear weapons?
I would have thought that the way forward would be to step away from ‘Continuous At-Sea Deterrence’ and possibly adopt another operational posture? Labour needs a stronger policy which isn’t just about keeping things as usual.