There is a growing political consensus about the importance of academies – independent state funded secondary schools – to the reform of secondary education in England. With fast-improving results and a government drive to ensure that no school has fewer than 30 per cent of its pupils gaining five good GCSEs including English and Maths, Labour’s flagship schools programme is being rapidly expanded, with over 130 due to be open this September, and over 300 by 2010.

A new book, published last week by Centreforum, brings together the experiences of seven academy leaders with a history of academies and a suggestion that the programme should expand into primary education. My co-editor Julian Astle also provocatively argues that for-profit providers should be a part of the programme.

Since academies are now clearly here to stay – the book’s launch was attended by key figures from the three main parties – we should understand why they make a difference. And their success owes much to factors seen internationally as being at the heart of school improvement.

Academies share characteristics with US charter schools, in their regulated independence: the government ensures fair admissions. Each has a specialism, which has driven improvement in specialist schools. But their leaders not only have more freedoms than other state schools, they make more use of it. They vary the school timetable, with longer school days. They change their staffing structures to suit their needs, paying according to their needs rather than national norms.

Small strategic governing bodies and strong sponsors don’t take ‘no’ for an answer. They are readier to innovate with the curriculum or the school organisation. And while other state-funded schools have more curriculum and pay flexibility than they use, academy heads use both their unique freedoms – and those largely available to all schools – to a far greater extent because they feel they are trusted to do so.

The book describes some of the innovations that have been a feature of successful academies. At Mossbourne in Hackney, the school has been broken into smaller units, particularly for the transition group in Year 7 (those fresh from primary school). Some groups of academies – like Absolute Return for Kids (Ark) and the Harris Trust, in south London, have developed successful brands to boost standards.

Contrary to critics’ claims, academies are also very much at the heart of their communities, and we learn how one Brent academy has shown leadership in such matters. We hear about plans for all-through academies – taking 3 to 16 or 18 year-olds – and the development of boarding for some students, both features of an independent sector. Indeed, several independent schools have joined the state sector without fees or selection as academies.

As someone who was involved in the development of Labour’s education policy from 1994 – and who remembers the bitter battles of the 1980s – I always find a visit to an academy a salutary experience. For behind the often iconic buildings – and the singular ethos of the staff and pupils – there is a clear sense of seeing the future of secondary education in action.